Permit type guide · ranked #3 nationally
Plumbing permits — complete guide (2026)
Required for new plumbing runs, water heater replacement, sewer work, and fixture relocation. The third most common permit nationally — water heater swaps alone drive enormous volume.
National avg: $85–$300
Approval: 1–5 days
All 50 states
#3 by volume
~1.1MIssued annually
$85–$300National avg cost
1–5 daysTypical approval
~14%Share of all permits
A plumbing permit is required for most new plumbing work, including water heater replacement. Replacing a faucet or showerhead in the same location without moving pipes typically does not require a permit.
When you need a plumbing permit
| Work type | Permit required? | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Water heater replacement | Always | Even same-size tank swap |
| New plumbing run | Always | Adding fixtures or moving lines |
| Sewer line repair/replacement | Always | Any work on main line |
| Fixture relocation | Always | Moving sink, toilet, shower |
| Drain/waste/vent work | Always | Any DWV system changes |
| Tankless water heater | Always | Gas or electric — always |
| Faucet/showerhead swap | Usually not | Same location, no pipe changes |
| Toilet flapper replacement | Never | Routine maintenance |
How to get a plumbing permit — step by step
1
Contact your building department
Plumbing permits are issued locally. Many cities now offer same-day permits for simple water heater replacements.
2
Describe the scope of work
Note the fixture types, pipe materials (copper, PEX, ABS), and whether you're touching the main sewer or water service lines.
3
Submit and pay
Water heater permits are often available online in minutes. More complex work (sewer line, full bathroom rough-in) may require plan review.
4
Rough-in inspection (if applicable)
For new plumbing runs, an inspector must see the rough-in before walls are closed. Schedule 24–48 hours in advance.
5
Final inspection
Inspector checks water pressure, drain slope, vent stack, and fixture connections. For water heaters, they check the pressure relief valve and seismic straps (in earthquake zones).
Cost by project type
| Project | Permit fee range | Typical timeline |
|---|---|---|
| Water heater replacement | $50–$150 | Same day–2 days |
| Tankless water heater | $100–$250 | 1–3 days |
| Bathroom rough-in (new) | $150–$300 | 3–7 days |
| Sewer line replacement | $200–$500 | 3–10 days |
| Kitchen plumbing (remodel) | $100–$250 | 2–5 days |
| Full home repipe | $300–$600 | 5–14 days |
Frequently asked questions
Do I need a permit to replace a water heater?
Yes, in virtually all jurisdictions. Water heater permits are among the most commonly required and are usually fast and inexpensive — often under $100 and approved same-day.
Can a homeowner pull their own plumbing permit?
Yes in most states for owner-occupied homes. Some states require a licensed plumber for work beyond basic fixture replacement.
What does a plumbing inspector look for?
Proper pipe slope (1/4 inch per foot for drain lines), correct vent sizing, pressure relief valve on water heaters, leak-free connections, and correct pipe materials for the application.
Do I need a permit to move a toilet?
Yes. Moving a toilet requires changes to the drain line, which always requires a permit and rough-in inspection before the floor is closed.
Data sources: Shovels.ai national permit aggregator · US Census Bureau BPS · IRC/IBC 2024